Questions AWS SCS-C01
A company has enabled Amazon GuardDuty in all Regions as part of its security monitoring strategy. In one of the VPCs, the company hosts an Amazon EC2 instance working as an FTP server that is contacted by a high number of clients from multiple locations. This is identified by GuardDuty as a brute force attack due to the high number of connections that happen every hour. The finding has been flagged as a false positive. However, GuardDuty keeps raising the issue. A Security Engineer has been asked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The Engineer needs to ensure that changes do not compromise the visibility of potential anomalous behavior. How can the Security Engineer address the issue? |
| A Security Administrator is configuring an Amazon S3 bucket and must meet the following security requirements: ✑ Encryption in transit ✑ Encryption at rest ✑ Logging of all object retrievals in AWS CloudTrail Which of the following meet these security requirements? (Choose three.) |
| Due to new compliance requirements, a Security Engineer must enable encryption with customer-provided keys on corporate data that is stored in DynamoDB. The company wants to retain full control of the encryption keys. Which DynamoDB feature should the Engineer use to achieve compliance’? |
| A company has five AWS accounts and wants to use AWS CloudTrail to log API calls. The log files must be stored in an Amazon S3 bucket that resides in a new account specifically built for centralized services with a unique top-level prefix for each trail. The configuration must also enable detection of any modification to the logs. Which of the following steps will implement these requirements? (Choose three.) |
| An organization operates a web application that serves users globally. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. There is an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the load balancer, and the organization uses AWS WAF. The application is currently experiencing a volumetric attack whereby the attacker is exploiting a bug in a popular mobile game. The application is being flooded with HTTP requests from all over the world with the User-Agent set to the following string: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; ExampleCorp; ExampleGame/1.22; Mobile/1.0) What mitigation can be applied to block attacks resulting from this bug while continuing to service legitimate requests? |
| What is the function of the following AWS Key Management Service (KMS) key policy attached to a customer master key (CMK)? |
| The Information Technology department has stopped using Classic Load Balancers and switched to Application Load Balancers to save costs. After the switch, some users on older devices are no longer able to connect to the website. What is causing this situation? |
| A Security Engineer is trying to determine whether the encryption keys used in an AWS service are in compliance with certain regulatory standards. Which of the following actions should the Engineer perform to get further guidance? |
| A company has a customer master key (CMK) with imported key materials. Company policy requires that all encryption keys must be rotated every year. What can be done to implement the above policy? |
| A company’s security policy requires that VPC Flow Logs are enabled on all VPCs. A Security Engineer is looking to automate the process of auditing the VPC resources for compliance. What combination of actions should the Engineer take? (Choose two.) |
| A distributed web application is installed across several EC2 instances in public subnets residing in two Availability Zones. Apache logs show several intermittent brute-force attacks from hundreds of IP addresses at the layer 7 level over the past six months. What would be the BEST way to reduce the potential impact of these attacks in the future? |
| A company is migrating its legacy workloads to AWS. The current security information events management (SIEM) system that analyzes logs is aging, and different SIEM systems are being evaluated to replace it. The company wants to change SIEMs without re-architecture the solution. What should the Security Engineer do to accomplish this with minimal operational impact? |
| The Security Engineer created a new AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key with the following key policy: What are the effects of the key policy? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Architect is evaluating managed solutions for storage of encryption keys. The requirements are: -Storage is accessible by using only VPCs. -Service has tamper-evident controls. -Access logging is enabled. -Storage has high availability. Which of the following services meets these requirements? |
| Developers in an organization have moved from a standard application deployment to containers. The Security Engineer is tasked with ensuring that containers are secure. Which strategies will reduce the attack surface and enhance the security of the containers? (Choose two.) |
| An Amazon S3 bucket is encrypted using an AWS KMS CMK. An IAM user is unable to download objects from the S3 bucket using the AWS Management Console; however, other users can download objects from the S3 bucket. Which policies should the Security Engineer review and modify to resolve this issue? (Choose three.) |
| A company’s Developers plan to migrate their on-premises applications to Amazon EC2 instances running Amazon Linux AMIs. The applications are accessed by a group of partner companies. The Security Engineer needs to implement the following host-based security measures for these instances: ✑ Block traffic from documented known bad IP addresses. ✑ Detect known software vulnerabilities and CIS Benchmarks compliance. Which solution addresses these requirements? |
| An organization policy states that all encryption keys must be automatically rotated every 12 months. Which AWS Key Management Service (KMS) key type should be used to meet this requirement? |
| Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent is successfully delivering logs to the CloudWatch Logs service. However, logs stop being delivered after the associated log stream has been active for a specific number of hours. What steps are necessary to identify the cause of this phenomenon? (Choose two.) |
| A security team is responsible for reviewing AWS API call activity in the cloud environment for security violations. These events must be recorded and retained in a centralized location for both current and future AWS regions. What is the SIMPLEST way to meet these requirements? |
| An application has been built with Amazon EC2 instances that retrieve messages from Amazon SQS. Recently, IAM changes were made and the instances can no longer retrieve messages. What actions should be taken to troubleshoot the issue while maintaining least privilege? (Choose two.) |
| During a recent internal investigation, it was discovered that all API logging was disabled in a production account, and the root user had created new API keys that appear to have been used several times. What could have been done to detect and automatically remediate the incident? |
| The InfoSec team has mandated that in the future only approved Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) can be used. How can the InfoSec team ensure compliance with this mandate? |
| A Systems Engineer is troubleshooting the connectivity of a test environment that includes a virtual security appliance deployed inline. In addition to using the virtual security appliance, the Development team wants to use security groups and network ACLs to accomplish various security requirements in the environment. What configuration is necessary to allow the virtual security appliance to route the traffic? |
| A company stores data on an Amazon EBS volume attached to an Amazon EC2 instance. The data is asynchronously replicated to an Amazon S3 bucket. Both the EBS volume and the S3 bucket are encrypted with the same AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK). A former employee scheduled a deletion of that CMK before leaving the company. The company’s Developer Operations department learns about this only after the CMK has been deleted. Which steps must be taken to address this situation? |
| A Development team has asked for help configuring the IAM roles and policies in a new AWS account. The team using the account expects to have hundreds of master keys and therefore does not want to manage access control for customer master keys (CMKs). Which of the following will allow the team to manage AWS KMS permissions in IAM without the complexity of editing individual key policies? |
| An application outputs logs to a text file. The logs must be continuously monitored for security incidents. Which design will meet the requirements with MINIMUM effort? |
| A company became aware that one of its access keys was exposed on a code sharing website 11 days ago. A Security Engineer must review all use of the exposed keys to determine the extent of the exposure. The company enabled AWS CloudTrail in all regions when it opened the account. Which of the following will allow the Security Engineer to complete the task? |
| A company is building a data lake on Amazon S3. The data consists of millions of small files containing sensitive information. The Security team has the following requirements for the architecture: * Data must be encrypted in transit. * Data must be encrypted at rest. * The bucket must be private, but if the bucket is accidentally made public, the data must remain confidential. Which combination of steps would meet the requirements? (Choose two.) |
| An application has been written that publishes custom metrics to Amazon CloudWatch. Recently, IAM changes have been made on the account and the metrics are no longer being reported. Which of the following is the LEAST permissive solution that will allow the metrics to be delivered? |
| A Systems Engineer has been tasked with configuring outbound mail through Simple Email Service (SES) and requires compliance with current TLS standards. The mail application should be configured to connect to which of the following endpoints and corresponding ports? |
| A Security Engineer has created an Amazon CloudWatch event that invokes an AWS Lambda function daily. The Lambda function runs an Amazon Athena query that checks AWS CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3 to detect whether any IAM user accounts or credentials have been created in the past 30 days. The results of the Athena query are created in the same S3 bucket. The Engineer runs a test execution of the Lambda function via the AWS Console, and the function runs successfully. After several minutes, the Engineer finds that his Athena query has failed with the error message: `Insufficient Permissions`. The IAM permissions of the Security Engineer and the Lambda function are shown below: |
| A company uses AWS Organization to manage 50 AWS accounts. The finance staff members log in as AWS IAM users in the FinanceDept AWS account. The staff members need to read the consolidated billing information in the MasterPayer AWS account. They should not be able to view any other resources in the MasterPayer AWS account. IAM access to billing has been enabled in the MasterPayer account. Which of the following approaches grants the finance staff the permissions they require without granting any unnecessary permissions? |
| A company has complex connectivity rules governing ingress, egress, and communications between Amazon EC2 instances. The rules are so complex that they cannot be implemented within the limits of the maximum number of security groups and network access control lists (network ACLs). What mechanism will allow the company to implement all required network rules without incurring additional cost? |
| A Security Engineer for a large company is managing a data processing application used by 1,500 subsidiary companies. The parent and subsidiary companies all use AWS. The application uses TCP port 443 and runs on Amazon EC2 behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). For compliance reasons, the application should only be accessible to the subsidiaries and should not be available on the public internet. To meet the compliance requirements for restricted access, the Engineer has received the public and private CIDR block ranges for each subsidiary. What solution should the Engineer use to implement the appropriate access restrictions for the application? |
| An organization has three applications running on AWS, each accessing the same data on Amazon S3. The data on Amazon S3 is server-side encrypted by using an AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK). What is the recommended method to ensure that each application has its own programmatic access control permissions on the KMS CMK? |
| The Security team believes that a former employee may have gained unauthorized access to AWS resources sometime in the past 3 months by using an identified access key. What approach would enable the Security team to find out what the former employee may have done within AWS? |
| Which of the following are valid event sources that are associated with web access control lists that trigger AWS WAF rules? (Choose two.) |
| During a recent security audit, it was discovered that multiple teams in a large organization have placed restricted data in multiple Amazon S3 buckets, and the data may have been exposed. The auditor has requested that the organization identify all possible objects that contain personally identifiable information (PII) and then determine whether this information has been accessed. What solution will allow the Security team to complete this request? |
| A Security Administrator at a university is configuring a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are shared among students, and non-root SSH access is allowed. The Administrator is concerned about students attacking other AWS account resources by using the EC2 instance metadata service. What can the Administrator do to protect against this potential attack? |
| A security alert has been raised for an Amazon EC2 instance in a customer account that is exhibiting strange behavior. The Security Engineer must first isolate the EC2 instance and then use tools for further investigation. What should the Security Engineer use to isolate and research this event? (Choose three.) |
| An organization is using AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and Amazon CloudWatch to send alerts when new access keys are created. However, the alerts are no longer appearing in the Security Operations mail box. Which of the following actions would resolve this issue? |
| A company runs an application on AWS that needs to be accessed only by employees. Most employees work from the office, but others work remotely or travel. How can the Security Engineer protect this workload so that only employees can access it? |
| The AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store is being used to store database passwords used by an AWS Lambda function. Because this is sensitive data, the parameters are stored as type SecureString and protected by an AWS KMS key that allows access through IAM. When the function executes, this parameter cannot be retrieved as the result of an access denied error. Which of the following actions will resolve the access denied error? |
| The Security Engineer has discovered that a new application that deals with highly sensitive data is storing Amazon S3 objects with the following key pattern, which itself contains highly sensitive data. Pattern: “randomID_datestamp_PII.csv” Example: “1234567_12302017_000-00-0000 csv” The bucket where these objects are being stored is using server-side encryption (SSE). Which solution is the most secure and cost-effective option to protect the sensitive data? |
| A Development team has built an experimental environment to test a simple static web application. It has built an isolated VPC with a private and a public subnet. The public subnet holds only an Application Load Balancer, a NAT gateway, and an internet gateway. The private subnet holds all of the Amazon EC2 instances. There are 3 different types of servers. Each server type has its own Security Group that limits access to only required connectivity. The Security Groups have both inbound and outbound rules applied. Each subnet has both inbound and outbound network ACLs applied to limit access to only required connectivity. Which of the following should the team check if a server cannot establish an outbound connection to the internet? (Choose three.) |
| Compliance requirements state that all communications between company on-premises hosts and EC2 instances be encrypted in transit. Hosts use custom proprietary protocols for their communication, and EC2 instances need to be fronted by a load balancer for increased availability. Which of the following solutions will meet these requirements? |
| A company has several workloads running on AWS. Employees are required to authenticate using on-premises ADFS and SSO to access the AWS Management Console. Developers migrated an existing legacy web application to an Amazon EC2 instance. Employees need to access this application from anywhere on the internet, but currently, there is no authentication system built into the application. How should the Security Engineer implement employee-only access to this system without changing the application? |
| An AWS Lambda function was misused to alter data, and a Security Engineer must identify who invoked the function and what output was produced. The Engineer cannot find any logs created by the Lambda function in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Which of the following explains why the logs are not available? |
| Some highly sensitive analytics workloads are to be moved to Amazon EC2 hosts. Threat modeling has found that a risk exists where a subnet could be maliciously or accidentally exposed to the internet. Which of the following mitigations should be recommended? |
| A Security Engineer has been asked to troubleshoot inbound connectivity to a web server. This single web server is not receiving inbound connections from the internet, whereas all other web servers are functioning properly. The architecture includes network ACLs, security groups, and a virtual security appliance. In addition, the Development team has implemented Application Load Balancers (ALBs) to distribute the load across all web servers. It is a requirement that traffic between the web servers and the internet flow through the virtual security appliance. The Security Engineer has verified the following: 1. The rule set in the Security Groups is correct 2. The rule set in the network ACLs is correct 3. The rule set in the virtual appliance is correct Which of the following are other valid items to troubleshoot in this scenario? (Choose two.) |
| An organization receives an alert that indicates that an EC2 instance behind an ELB Classic Load Balancer has been compromised. What techniques will limit lateral movement and allow evidence gathering? |
| A Security Engineer discovered a vulnerability in an application running on Amazon ECS. The vulnerability allowed attackers to install malicious code. Analysis of the code shows it exfiltrates data on port 5353 in batches at random time intervals. While the code of the containers is being patched, how can Engineers quickly identify all compromised hosts and stop the egress of data on port 5353? |
| A Security Engineer signed in to the AWS Management Console as an IAM user and switched to the security role IAM role. To perform a maintenance operation, the Security Engineer needs to switch to the maintainer role IAM role, which lists the security role as a trusted entity. The Security Engineer attempts to switch to the maintainer role, but it fails. What is the likely cause of the failure? |
| A company has an encrypted Amazon S3 bucket. An Application Developer has an IAM policy that allows access to the S3 bucket, but the Application Developer is unable to access objects within the bucket. What is a possible cause of the issue? |
| A threat assessment has identified a risk whereby an internal employee could exfiltrate sensitive data from production host running inside AWS (Account 1). The threat was documented as follows: Threat description: A malicious actor could upload sensitive data from Server X by configuring credentials for an AWS account (Account 2) they control and uploading data to an Amazon S3 bucket within their control. Server X has outbound internet access configured via a proxy server. Legitimate access to S3 is required so that the application can upload encrypted files to an S3 bucket. Server X is currently using an IAM instance role. The proxy server is not able to inspect any of the server communication due to TLS encryption. Which of the following options will mitigate the threat? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer discovers that developers have been adding rules to security groups that allow SSH and RDP traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 instead of the organization firewall IP. What is the most efficient way to remediate the risk of this activity? |
| A company has multiple VPCs in their account that are peered, as shown in the diagram. A Security Engineer wants to perform penetration tests of the Amazon EC2 instances in all three VPCs. How can this be accomplished? (Choose two.) |
| In response to the past DDoS attack experiences, a Security Engineer has set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution for an Amazon S3 bucket. There is concern that some users may bypass the CloudFront distribution and access the S3 bucket directly. What must be done to prevent users from accessing the S3 objects directly by using URLs? |
| A company wants to control access to its AWS resources by using identities and groups that are defined in its existing Microsoft Active Directory. What must the company create in its AWS account to map permissions for AWS services to Active Directory user attributes? |
| A Security Engineer is building a Java application that is running on Amazon EC2. The application communicates with an Amazon RDS instance and authenticates with a user name and password. Which combination of steps can the Engineer take to protect the credentials and minimize downtime when the credentials are rotated? (Choose two.) |
| An Application team has requested a new AWS KMS master key for use with Amazon S3, but the organizational security policy requires separate master keys for different AWS services to limit blast radius. How can an AWS KMS customer master key (CMK) be constrained to work with only Amazon S3? |
| An application uses Amazon Cognito to manage end users’ permissions when directly accessing AWS resources, including Amazon DynamoDB. A new feature request reads as follows: Provide a mechanism to mark customers as suspended pending investigation or suspended permanently. Customers should still be able to log in when suspended, but should not be able to make changes. The priorities are to reduce complexity and avoid potential for future security issues. Which approach will meet these requirements and priorities? |
| A company plans to move most of its IT infrastructure to AWS. The company wants to leverage its existing on-premises Active Directory as an identity provider for AWS. Which steps should be taken to authenticate to AWS services using the company’s on-premises Active Directory? (Choose three.) |
| The Security Engineer is managing a traditional three-tier web application that is running on Amazon EC2 instances. The application has become the target of increasing numbers of malicious attacks from the Internet. What steps should the Security Engineer take to check for known vulnerabilities and limit the attack surface? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer has been asked to create an automated process to disable IAM user access keys that are more than three months old. Which of the following options should the Security Engineer use? |
| A Developer is creating an AWS Lambda function that requires environment variables to store connection information and logging settings. The Developer is required to use an AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK) supplied by the Information Security department in order to adhere to company standards for securing Lambda environment variables. Which of the following are required for this configuration to work? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer is setting up an AWS CloudTrail trail for all regions in an AWS account. For added security, the logs are stored using server-side encryption with AWS KMS-managed keys (SSE-KMS) and have log integrity validation enabled. While testing the solution, the Security Engineer discovers that the digest files are readable, but the log files are not. What is the MOST likely cause? |
| A company maintains sensitive data in an Amazon S3 bucket that must be protected using an AWS KMS CMK. The company requires that keys be rotated automatically every year. How should the bucket be configured? |
| A pharmaceutical company has digitized versions of historical prescriptions stored on premises. The company would like to move these prescriptions to AWS and perform analytics on the data in them. Any operation with this data requires that the data be encrypted in transit and at rest. Which application flow would meet the data protection requirements on AWS? |
| A company had one of its Amazon EC2 key pairs compromised. A Security Engineer must identify which current Linux EC2 instances were deployed and used the compromised key pair. How can this task be accomplished? |
| A Security Engineer launches two Amazon EC2 instances in the same Amazon VPC but in separate Availability Zones. Each instance has a public IP address and is able to connect to external hosts on the internet. The two instances are able to communicate with each other by using their private IP addresses, but they are not able to communicate with each other when using their public IP addresses. Which action should the Security Engineer take to allow communication over the public IP addresses? |
| A company requires that IP packet data be inspected for invalid or malicious content. Which of the following approaches achieve this requirement? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer is defining the logging solution for a newly developed product. Systems Administrators and Developers need to have appropriate access to event log files in AWS CloudTrail to support and troubleshoot the product. Which combination of controls should be used to protect against tampering with and unauthorized access to log files? (Choose two.) |
| A financial institution has the following security requirements: ✑ Cloud-based users must be contained in a separate authentication domain. ✑ Cloud-based users cannot access on-premises systems. As part of standing up a cloud environment, the financial institution is creating a number of Amazon managed databases and Amazon EC2 instances. An Active Directory service exists on-premises that has all the administrator accounts, and these must be able to access the databases and instances. How would the organization manage its resources in the MOST secure manner? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Analyst attempted to troubleshoot the monitoring of suspicious security group changes. The Analyst was told that there is an Amazon CloudWatch alarm in place for these AWS CloudTrail log events. The Analyst tested the monitoring setup by making a configuration change to the security group but did not receive any alerts. Which of the following troubleshooting steps should the Analyst perform? |
| An organization is using Amazon CloudWatch Logs with agents deployed on its Linux Amazon EC2 instances. The agent configuration files have been checked and the application log files to be pushed are configured correctly. A review has identified that logging from specific instances is missing. Which steps should be taken to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer is working with the development team to design a supply chain application that stores sensitive inventory data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The application will use an AWS KMS customer master key (CMK) to encrypt the data on Amazon S3. The inventory data on Amazon S3 will be shared of vendors. All vendors will use AWS principals from their own AWS accounts to access the data on Amazon S3. The vendor list may change weekly, and the solution must support cross-account access. What is the MOST efficient way to manage access control for the KMS CMK7? |
| A company has several production AWS accounts and a central security AWS account. The security account is used for centralized monitoring and has IAM privileges to all resources in every corporate account. All of the company’s Amazon S3 buckets are tagged with a value denoting the data classification of their contents. A Security Engineer is deploying a monitoring solution in the security account that will enforce bucket policy compliance. The system must monitor S3 buckets in all production accounts and confirm that any policy change is in accordance with the bucket’s data classification. If any change is out of compliance, the Security team must be notified quickly. Which combination of actions would build the required solution? (Choose three.) |
| A global company must mitigate and respond to DDoS attacks at Layers 3, 4 and 7. All of the company’s AWS applications are serverless with static content hosted on Amazon S3 using Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Route 53. Which solution will meet these requirements? |
| A Security Architect has been asked to review an existing security architecture and identity why the application servers cannot successfully initiate a connection to the database servers. The following summary describes the architecture: 1. An Application Load Balancer, an internet gateway and a NAT gateway are configured in the pubic subnet. 2. Database, application, and web servers are configured on three different private subnets. 3. The VPC has two route tables: one for the public subnet and one for all other subnets. The route table for the public subnet has a 0.0.0.0/0 route to the internet gateway. The route table for all other subnets has a 0.0.0.0/0 route to the NAT gateway. All private subnets can route to each other. 4. Each subnet has a network ACL implemented that limits all inbound and outbound connectivity to only the required ports and protocols. 5. There are 3 Security Groups (SGs): database, application, and web. Each group limits all inbound and outbound connectivity to the minimum required. Which of the following accurately reflects the access control mechanisms the Architect should verify? |
| An organization wants to be alerted when an unauthorized Amazon EC2 instance in its VPC performs a network port scan against other instances in the VPC. When the Security team performs its own internal tests in a separate account by using pre-approved third-party scanners from the AWS Marketplace, the Security team also then receives multiple Amazon GuardDuty events from Amazon CloudWatch alerting on its test activities. How can the Security team suppress alerts about authorized security tests while still receiving alerts about the unauthorized activity? |
| A company has a few dozen application servers in private subnets behind an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) in an AWS Auto Scaling group. The application is accessed from the web over HTTPS. The data must always be encrypted in transit. The Security Engineer is worried about potential key exposure due to vulnerabilities in the application software. Which approach will meet these requirements while protecting the external certificate during a breach? |
| Auditors for a health care company have mandated that all data volumes be encrypted at rest. Infrastructure is deployed mainly via AWS CloudFormation; however, third-party frameworks and manual deployment are required on some legacy systems. What is the BEST way to monitor, on a recurring basis, whether all EBS volumes are encrypted? |
| An application is currently secured using network access control lists and security groups. Web servers are located in public subnets behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB); application servers are located in private subnets. How can edge security be enhanced to safeguard the Amazon EC2 instances against attack? (Choose two.) |
| An organization has a system in AWS that allows a large number of remote workers to submit data files. File sizes vary from a few kilobytes to several megabytes. A recent audit highlighted a concern that data files are not encrypted while in transit over untrusted networks. Which solution would remediate the audit finding while minimizing the effort required? |
| A company is configuring three Amazon EC2 instances with each instance in a separate Availability Zone. The EC2 instances will be used as transparent proxies for outbound internet traffic for ports 80 and 443 so the proxies can block traffic to certain internet destinations as required by the company’s security policies. A Security Engineer completed the following: Set up the proxy software on the EC2 instances. ✑ Modified the route tables on the private subnets to use the proxy EC2 instances as the default route. ✑ Created a security group rule opening inbound port 80 and 443 TCP protocols on the proxy EC2 instance security group. However, the proxy EC2 instances are not successfully forwarding traffic to the internet. What should the Security Engineer do to make the proxy EC2 instances route traffic to the internet? |
| An organization is moving non-business-critical applications to AWS while maintaining a mission-critical application in an on-premises data center. An on-premises application must share limited confidential information with the applications in AWS. The internet performance is unpredictable. Which configuration will ensure continued connectivity between sites MOST securely? |
| A Security Engineer must design a solution that enables the incident Response team to audit for changes to a user’s IAM permissions in the case of a security incident. How can this be accomplished? |
| For compliance reasons, a Security Engineer must produce a weekly report that lists any instance that does not have the latest approved patches applied. The Engineer must also ensure that no system goes more than 30 days without the latest approved updates being applied. What would be the MOST efficient way to achieve these goals? |
| A Developer who is following AWS best practices for secure code development requires an application to encrypt sensitive data to be stored at rest, locally in the application, using AWS KMS. What is the simplest and MOST secure way to decrypt this data when required? |
| The Accounting department at Example Corp. has made a decision to hire a third-party firm, AnyCompany, to monitor Example Corp.’s AWS account to help optimize costs. The Security Engineer for Example Corp. has been tasked with providing AnyCompany with access to the required Example Corp. AWS resources. The Engineer has created an IAM role and granted permission to AnyCompany’s AWS account to assume this role. When customers contact AnyCompany, they provide their role ARN for validation. The Engineer is concerned that one of AnyCompany’s other customers might deduce Example Corp.’s role ARN and potentially compromise the company’s account. What steps should the Engineer perform to prevent this outcome? |
| The Development team receives an error message each time the team members attempt to encrypt or decrypt a Secure String parameter from the SSM Parameter Store by using an AWS KMS customer managed key (CMK). Which CMK-related issues could be responsible? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer must implement mutually authenticated TLS connections between containers that communicate inside a VPC. Which solution would be MOST secure and easy to maintain? |
| Which option for the use of the AWS Key Management Service (KMS) supports key management best practices that focus on minimizing the potential scope of data exposed by a possible future key compromise? |
| A company is configuring three Amazon EC2 instances with each instance in a separate Availability Zone. The EC2 instances will be used as transparent proxies for outbound internet traffic for ports 80 and 443 so the proxies can block traffic to certain internet destinations as required by the company’s security policies. A Security Engineer completed the following: Set up the proxy software on the EC2 instances. ✑ Modified the route tables on the private subnets to use the proxy EC2 instances as the default route. ✑ Created a security group rule opening inbound port 80 and 443 TCP protocols on the proxy EC2 instance security group. However, the proxy EC2 instances are not successfully forwarding traffic to the internet. What should the Security Engineer do to make the proxy EC2 instances route traffic to the internet? |
| A Software Engineer is trying to figure out why network connectivity to an Amazon EC2 instance does not appear to be working correctly. Its security group allows inbound HTTP traffic from 0.0.0.0/0, and the outbound rules have not been modified from the default. A custom network ACL associated with its subnet allows inbound HTTP traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 and has no outbound rules. What would resolve the connectivity issue? |
| A Security Administrator is restricting the capabilities of company root user accounts. The company uses AWS Organizations and has enabled it for all feature sets, including consolidated billing. The top-level account is used for billing and administrative purposes, not for operational AWS resource purposes. How can the Administrator restrict usage of member root user accounts across the organization? |
| The Security Engineer is managing a web application that processes highly sensitive personal information. The application runs on Amazon EC2. The application has strict compliance requirements, which instruct that all incoming traffic to the application is protected from common web exploits and that all outgoing traffic from the EC2 instances is restricted to specific whitelisted URLs. Which architecture should the Security Engineer use to meet these requirements? |
| A Security Engineer has discovered that, although encryption was enabled on the Amazon S3 bucket examplebucket, anyone who has access to the bucket has the ability to retrieve the files. The Engineer wants to limit access to each IAM user can access an assigned folder only. What should the Security Engineer do to achieve this? |
| A Security Administrator is performing a log analysis as a result of a suspected AWS account compromise. The Administrator wants to analyze suspicious AWS CloudTrail log files but is overwhelmed by the volume of audit logs being generated. What approach enables the Administrator to search through the logs MOST efficiently? |
| An Amazon EC2 instance is denied access to a newly created AWS KMS CMK used for decrypt actions. The environment has the following configuration: ✑ The instance is allowed the kms:Decrypt action in its IAM role for all resources ✑ The AWS KMS CMK status is set to enabled ✑ The instance can communicate with the KMS API using a configured VPC endpoint What is causing the issue? |
| An application makes calls to AWS services using the AWS SDK. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances with an associated IAM role. When the application attempts to access an object within an Amazon S3 bucket; the Administrator receives the following error message: HTTP 403: Access Denied. Which combination of steps should the Administrator take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose three.) |
| A company uses user data scripts that contain sensitive information to bootstrap Amazon EC2 instances. A Security Engineer discovers that this sensitive information is viewable by people who should not have access to it. What is the MOST secure way to protect the sensitive information used to bootstrap the instances? |
| A Security Engineer is implementing a solution to allow users to seamlessly encrypt Amazon S3 objects without having to touch the keys directly. The solution must be highly scalable without requiring continual management. Additionally, the organization must be able to immediately delete the encryption keys. Which solution meets these requirements? |
| Example.com is hosted on Amazon EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Third-party host intrusion detection system (HIDS) agents that capture the traffic of the EC2 instance are running on each host. The company must ensure they are using privacy enhancing technologies for users, without losing the assurance the third-party solution offers. What is the MOST secure way to meet these requirements? |
| A Security Engineer must add additional protection to a legacy web application by adding the following HTTP security headers: -Content Security-Policy -X-Frame-Options -X-XSS-Protection The Engineer does not have access to the source code of the legacy web application. Which of the following approaches would meet this requirement? |
| An employee accidentally exposed an AWS access key and secret access key during a public presentation. The company Security Engineer immediately disabled the key. How can the Engineer assess the impact of the key exposure and ensure that the credentials were not misused? (Choose two.) |
| A water utility company uses a number of Amazon EC2 instances to manage updates to a fleet of 2,000 Internet of Things (IoT) field devices that monitor water quality. These devices each have unique access credentials. An operational safety policy requires that access to specific credentials is independently auditable. What is the MOST cost-effective way to manage the storage of credentials? |
| An organization has tens of applications deployed on thousands of Amazon EC2 instances. During testing, the Application team needs information to let them know whether the network access control lists (network ACLs) and security groups are working as expected. How can the Application team’s requirements be met? |
| During a security event, it is discovered that some Amazon EC2 instances have not been sending Amazon CloudWatch logs. Which steps can the Security Engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer is working with a Product team building a web application on AWS. The application uses Amazon S3 to host the static content, Amazon API Gateway to provide RESTful services; and Amazon DynamoDB as the backend data store. The users already exist in a directory that is exposed through a SAML identity provider. Which combination of the following actions should the Engineer take to enable users to be authenticated into the web application and call APIs? (Choose three.) |
| A Software Engineer wrote a customized reporting service that will run on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The company security policy states that application logs for the reporting service must be centrally collected. What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements? |
| A Security Engineer received an AWS Abuse Notice listing EC2 instance IDs that are reportedly abusing other hosts. Which action should the Engineer take based on this situation? (Choose three.) |
| A Systems Administrator has written the following Amazon S3 bucket policy designed to allow access to an S3 bucket for only an authorized AWS IAM user from the IP address range 10.10.10.0/24: When trying to download an object from the S3 bucket from 10.10.10.40, the IAM user receives an access denied message. What does the Administrator need to change to grant access to the user? |
| Which of the following minimizes the potential attack surface for applications? |
| A company has a forensic logging use case whereby several hundred applications running on Docker on EC2 need to send logs to a central location. The Security Engineer must create a logging solution that is able to perform real-time analytics on the log files, grants the ability to replay events, and persists data. Which AWS Services, together, can satisfy this use case? (Choose two.) |
| The Security Engineer for a mobile game has to implement a method to authenticate users so that they can save their progress. Because most of the users are part of the same OpenID-Connect compatible social media website, the Security Engineer would like to use that as the identity provider. Which solution is the SIMPLEST way to allow the authentication of users using their social media identities? |
| A Developer’s laptop was stolen. The laptop was not encrypted, and it contained the SSH key used to access multiple Amazon EC2 instances. A Security Engineer has verified that the key has not been used, and has blocked port 22 to all EC2 instances while developing a response plan. How can the Security Engineer further protect currently running instances? |
| For compliance reasons, an organization limits the use of resources to three specific AWS regions. It wants to be alerted when any resources are launched in unapproved regions. Which of the following approaches will provide alerts on any resources launched in an unapproved region? |
| A Security Engineer who was reviewing AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key policies found this statement in each key policy in the company AWS account. What does the statement allow? |
| A Security Administrator has a website hosted in Amazon S3. The Administrator has been given the following requirements: ✑ Users may access the website by using an Amazon CloudFront distribution. ✑ Users may not access the website directly by using an Amazon S3 URL. Which configurations will support these requirements? (Choose two.) |
| A Security Engineer is looking for a way to control access to data that is being encrypted under a CMK. The Engineer is also looking to use additional authenticated data (AAD) to prevent tampering with ciphertext. Which action would provide the required functionality? |
| A company is operating an open-source software platform that is internet facing. The legacy software platform no longer receives security updates. The software platform operates using Amazon Route 53 weighted load balancing to send traffic to two Amazon EC2 instances that connect to an Amazon RDS cluster. A recent report suggests this software platform is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, with samples of attacks provided. The company’s Security Engineer must secure this system against SQL injection attacks within 24 hours. The Security Engineer’s solution must involve the least amount of effort and maintain normal operations during implementation. What should the Security Engineer do to meet these requirements? |
| An Amazon EC2 instance is part of an EC2 Auto Scaling group that is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). It is suspected that the EC2 instance has been compromised. Which steps should be taken to investigate the suspected compromise? (Choose three.) |
| While securing the connection between a company’s VPC and its on-premises data center, a Security Engineer sent a ping command from an on-premises host (IP address 203.0.113.12) to an Amazon EC2 instance (IP address 172.31.16.139). The ping command did not return a response. The flow log in the VPC showed the following: 2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 203.0.113.12 172.31.16.139 0 0 1 4 336 1432917027 1432917142 ACCEPT OK 2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 172.31.16.139 203.0.113.12 0 0 1 4 336 1432917094 1432917142 REJECT OK What action should be performed to allow the ping to work? |
| A company is developing a highly resilient application to be hosted on multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The application will store highly sensitive user data in Amazon RDS tables. The application must: ✑ Include migration to a different AWS Region in the application disaster recovery plan. ✑ Provide a full audit trail of encryption key administration events. ✑ Allow only company administrators to administer keys. ✑ Protect data at rest using application layer encryption. A Security Engineer is evaluating options for encryption key management. Why should the Security Engineer choose AWS CloudHSM over AWS KMS for encryption key management in this situation? |
| A company will store sensitive documents in three Amazon S3 buckets based on a data classification scheme of `Sensitive,` `Confidential,` and `Restricted.` The security solution must meet all of the following requirements: ✑ Each object must be encrypted using a unique key. ✑ Items that are stored in the `Restricted` bucket require two-factor authentication for decryption. ✑ AWS KMS must automatically rotate encryption keys annually. Which of the following meets these requirements? |
| A company has contracted with a third party to audit several AWS accounts. To enable the audit, cross-account IAM roles have been created in each account targeted for audit. The Auditor is having trouble accessing some of the accounts. Which of the following may be causing this problem? (Choose three.) |
| An organization is moving non-business-critical applications to AWS while maintaining a mission-critical application in an on-premises data center. An on-premises application must share limited confidential information with the applications in AWS. The internet performance is unpredictable. Which configuration will ensure continued connectivity between sites MOST securely? |
| A Security Engineer must design a system that can detect whether a file on an Amazon EC2 host has been modified. The system must then alert the Security Engineer of the modification. What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements? |
| Example.com hosts its internal document repository on Amazon EC2 instances. The application runs on EC2 instances and previously stored the documents on encrypted Amazon EBS volumes. To optimize the application for scale, example.com has moved the files to Amazon S3. The security team has mandated that all the files are securely deleted from the EBS volume, and it must certify that the data is unreadable before releasing the underlying disks. Which of the following methods will ensure that the data is unreadable by anyone else? |
| A recent security audit found that AWS CloudTrail logs are insufficiently protected from tampering and unauthorized access. Which actions must the Security Engineer take to access these audit findings? (Choose three.) |
| An application has a requirement to be resilient across not only Availability Zones within the application’s primary region but also be available within another region altogether. Which of the following supports this requirement for AWS resources that are encrypted by AWS KMS? |
| A company plans to move most of its IT infrastructure to AWS. They want to leverage their existing on-premises Active Directory as an identity provider for AWS. Which combination of steps should a Security Engineer take to federate the company’s on-premises Active Directory with AWS? (Choose two.) |
| AWS CloudTrail is being used to monitor API calls in an organization. An audit revealed that CloudTrail is failing to deliver events to Amazon S3 as expected. What initial actions should be taken to allow delivery of CloudTrail events to S3? (Choose two.) |
| An IAM user with fill EC2 permissions could bot start an Amazon EC2 instance after it was stopped for a maintenance task. Upon starting the instance, the instance state would change to `Pending`, but after a few seconds, it would switch back to `Stopped`. An inspection revealed that the instance has attached Amazon EBS volumes that were encrypted by using a Customer Master Key (CMK). When these encrypted volumes were detached, the IAM user was able to start the EC2 instances. The IAM user policy is as follows: What additional items need to be added to the IAM user policy? (Choose two.) |
| A company has multiple production AWS accounts. Each account has AWS CloudTrail configured to log to a single Amazon S3 bucket in a central account. Two of the production accounts have trails that are not logging anything to the S3 bucket. Which steps should be taken to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose three.) |
| The Security Engineer is given the following requirements for an application that is running on Amazon EC2 and managed by using AWS CloudFormation templates with EC2 Auto Scaling groups: -Have the EC2 instances bootstrapped to connect to a backend database. -Ensure that the database credentials are handled securely. -Ensure that retrievals of database credentials are logged. Which of the following is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements? |
| What are the MOST secure ways to protect the AWS account root user of a recently opened AWS account? (Choose two.) |
| While analyzing a company’s security solution, a Security Engineer wants to secure the AWS account root user. What should the Security Engineer do to provide the highest level of security for the account? |
| A Web Administrator for the website example.com has created an Amazon CloudFront distribution for dev.example.com, with a requirement to configure HTTPS using a custom TLS certificate imported to AWS Certificate Manager. Which combination of steps is required to ensure availability of the certificate in the CloudFront console? (Choose two.) |
| A company recently experienced a DDoS attack that prevented its web server from serving content. The website is static and hosts only HTML, CSS, and PDF files that users download. Based on the architecture shown in the image, what is the BEST way to protect the site against future attacks while minimizing the ongoing operational overhead? |
| A corporate cloud security policy states that communications between the company’s VPC and KMS must travel entirely within the AWS network and not use public service endpoints. Which combination of the following actions MOST satisfies this requirement? (Choose two.) |
| An organization wants to deploy a three-tier web application whereby the application servers run on Amazon EC2 instances. These EC2 instances need access to credentials that they will use to authenticate their SQL connections to an Amazon RDS DB instance. Also, AWS Lambda functions must issue queries to the RDS database by using the same database credentials. The credentials must be stored so that the EC2 instances and the Lambda functions can access them. No other access is allowed. The access logs must record when the credentials were accessed and by whom. What should the Security Engineer do to meet these requirements? |
| A company’s database developer has just migrated an Amazon RDS database credential to be stored and managed by AWS Secrets Manager. The developer has also enabled rotation of the credential within the Secrets Manager console and set the rotation to change every 30 days. After a short period of time, a number of existing applications have failed with authentication errors. What is the MOST likely cause of the authentication errors? |
| A company has deployed a custom DNS server in AWS. The Security Engineer wants to ensure that Amazon EC2 instances cannot use the Amazon-provided DNS. How can the Security Engineer block access to the Amazon-provided DNS in the VPC? |
| A company is storing data in Amazon S3 Glacier. The security engineer implemented a new vault lock policy for 10TB of data and called initiate-vault-lock operation 12 hours ago. The audit team identified a typo in the policy that is allowing unintended access to the vault. What is the MOST cost-effective way to correct this? |
| A company plans to migrate a sensitive dataset to Amazon S3. A Security Engineer must ensure that the data is encrypted at rest. The encryption solution must enable the company to generate its own keys without needing to manage key storage or the encryption process. What should the Security Engineer use to accomplish this? |
| Which of the following is the most efficient way to automate the encryption of AWS CloudTrail logs using a Customer Master Key (CMK) in AWS KMS? |
| A company has two AWS accounts, each containing one VPC. The first VPC has a VPN connection with its corporate network. The second VPC, without a VPN, hosts an Amazon Aurora database cluster in private subnets. Developers manage the Aurora database from a bastion host in a public subnet as shown in the image. A security review has flagged this architecture as vulnerable, and a Security Engineer has been asked to make this design more secure. The company has a short deadline and a second VPN connection to the Aurora account is not possible. How can the Security Engineer securely set up the bastion host? |
| Which approach will generate automated security alerts should too many unauthorized AWS API requests be identified? |
| A Solutions Architect is designing a web application that uses Amazon CloudFront, an Elastic Load Balancing Application Load Balancer, and an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances. The load balancer and EC2 instances are in the US West (Oregon) region. It has been decided that encryption in transit is necessary by using a customer-branded domain name from the client to CloudFront and from CloudFront to the load balancer. Assuming that AWS Certificate Manager is used, how many certificates will need to be generated? |
| A company has Windows Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC that are joined to on-premises Active Directory servers for domain services. The security team has enabled Amazon GuardDuty on the AWS account to alert on issues with the instances. During a weekly audit of network traffic, the Security Engineer notices that one of the EC2 instances is attempting to communicate with a known command-and- control server but failing. This alert does not show up in GuardDuty. Why did GuardDuty fail to alert to this behavior? |
| A company has decided to migrate sensitive documents from on-premises data centers to Amazon S3. Currently, the hard drives are encrypted to meet a compliance requirement regarding data encryption. The CISO wants to improve security by encrypting each file using a different key instead of a single key. Using a different key would limit the security impact of a single exposed key. Which of the following requires the LEAST amount of configuration when implementing this approach? |
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